The Roaring Twenties Essays - Roaring Twenties, Jazz Age

The Roaring Twenties THE ROARING TWENTIES Americans, in the years following the end of World War I found themselves in an era, where the people simply wished to detach themselves from the troubles of Europeans and the rest of the world. During the years of the Twenties, the economy was prosperous, there was widespread social reform, new aspects of culture were established, and people found better ways to improve their lifestyle and enjoy life. The 1920's exemplified the changing attitudes of American's toward foreign relations, society, and leisure activities. Following the end of World War I, many Americans demanded that the United States stay out of European affairs in the future. The United States Senate even refused to accept the Treaty of Versailles which officially ended World War I and provided for the establishment of the League of Nations. The Senate chose to refuse the Treaty in the fear that it could result in the involvement of the United States in future European wars. Americans simply did not wish to deal with, nor tolerate the problems of Europe and abroad. There were many problems running rampant throughout the country following the conclusion of the war. One of the greatest problems which arose was the Red Scare which was seen as an international communist conspiracy that was blamed for various protest movements and union activities in 1919 and 1920. The Red Scare was touched off by a national distrust of foreigners. Many Americas also kept a close eye on the increasing activities of the Klu Klux Klan who were terrorizing foreigners, blacks, Jews and Roman Catholics. Once Americans put the war behind them, they were able to forget the problems of European affairs, and focus on the country, their town, and themselves. Americans found themselves in a period of reform, both socially and culturally. Many feared that morality had crumbled completely. Before World War I, women wore their hair long, had ankle length dresses, and long cotton stockings. In the twenties, they wore short, tight dresses, and rolled their silk stockings down to their knees. They wore flashy lipstick and other cosmetics. Eventually, women were even granted the right to vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment. It was up to this time period that women were not seen as an important aspect in American society. As if rebelling from the previous position of practically non-existence, women changed their clothing, their fashion, and even cut their hair shorter into bobs which were very similar to the style of men. The similarities were no mere coincidence, but an attempt of the w omen in American society pushing towards equality. Once the women had the right to vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment, they did not just sit back. The women of the 1920's strived for a position of equality for both men and women in society. Literature, art, and music also reflected the nations changing values. There were many famous authors, playwrights, musicians and artists which left their mark during the Twenties. Sinclair Lewis authored Main Street (1920), a book which attacked what he considered the dull lives and narrow minded attitudes of people in a small town. Another great author of the time was F. Scott Fitzgerald whose works included The Beautiful and Damned, and Tales of the Jazz Age. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, exemplified the American Dream. The story shows the often misconception of the American Dream being a life of prosperity, parties, happiness, and utopian places. The book uncovers the characters' pursuit of this dream only to discover the American Dream as the American Tragedy. Many Americans who immigrated to the United States in the 20's were believing the same misconception, only to later find the hidden truth that the American Dream was not all what it was cracked up to be. One of the greatest American authors to emerge from the Twenties was Ernest Hemingway. Some of Hemingway's most noted works in the Twenties included Across the River and into the Trees, and In Our Time. Many of Hemingway's finest works presented the attitudes and experiences of the era's so called last generation. Americans had a hunger for news in the Twenties. Every day they would flock to the newsstand for the

Australias defence and peace essays

Australias defence and peace essays Australias defence and peace time alliances Australia is involved in many official an unofficial treaties. There are many reasons Australia gets in to treaties. Also many responsibilities and consequences for Australia that come with these treaties. ANZUS treaty (Australia New Zealand United States Treaty) This treaty was sighed by the three parties on the 1st of September 1951 in San Francisco and was brought in to force on the 29th of April 1952 This is a treaty between New Zealand Australia and America concerning the pacific area. This treaty basically states the all parties involved will help in conjunction with each other and individually to keep peace in the Pacific Rim. It also has the purpose of declaring publicly and officially that none of the three parties stand alone in the pacific. The treaty also recognizes that even though Australia and New Zealand are part of the British Commonwealth they have military obligations in side and out side the Pacific Rim. The conditions of this treaty are that all the three nations defend one anothers Pacific Rim territory. This includes all islands under any of the countries jurisdictions inside the pacific rim, any of the countries armed forces or any of the counties public vessels or aircraft. America suspended its obligations to New Zealand under this treaty on the 11th of august 1986. Because New Zealand would not let Americas military vessels in to its harbours. New Zealands reason for doing this was that America would not declare that its ships where not nuclear. ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) ASEAN is a regional forum. The forum was established in 1994 and draws together 23 countries, which have an impact on the security of the pacific region. These countries include ten ASEAN member states Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore ...

Hofstedes Dimensions Abstract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hofstedes Dimensions Abstract - Assignment Example The five dimensions of Hofstede’s cultural dimension framework are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long term orientation. The power distance dimension measures the inclination of the poor citizens of a country to accept power is distributed unequally. In countries that have a high power distance index the people accept their status within the system even if they are at the bottom. Governments that are abusive take advantage of culture with high power distance to impose their regimen on the people. Arab countries have a much higher power distance score than western nations such as the United States. The second dimension of Hofstede’s framework is individualism. Individualism refers to the instinct of people of looking out for their best interest instead of the group. In individualism societies the people are taught to look out for themselves and their families. The United States is a very individualistic society, while Japan believes in collectivism. The survival of the fittest mentality of Americans has instilled a belief in the people that anyone can raise themselves out of poverty through hard work. High educational levels are needed for people in individualistic societies to compete for good paying jobs. The third cultural dimension is masculinity. â€Å"Masculinity versus its opposite, femininity refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found† (Clearlycultural). The country with the highest masculinity index in the world is Japan. In Japan the females do not have equal rights in the workplace. Most managers and supervisors in Japan are males. The United States has a lower masculinity rating than Japan, but the glass ceiling effect still exist and females are often passed by for promotions due to their gender. The fourth

Many might argue that that now during an economic downturn is a bad Essay

Many might argue that that now during an economic downturn is a bad time to start a business. What do you think - Essay Example Therefore, business startups get appropriate opportunity for retaining the customers when the economy improves. During weak economy, the incumbent bug businesses are vulnerable. This presents appropriate chance for the star ups business to succeed due to their agile and flexile nature. Startups can survive the downturn through minimal overheads. During downturns when established businesses are laying off staffs, the startups can benefit through easily finding talented and competent employees with minimal recruitment and remuneration expenses (Summers 119). Businesses that operate during poor economic performance experience less and weak competition. Startups provide startups with high negotiation abilities. Traditional suppliers experience financial challenges during economic downturn. Startups hence have high advantage in determining the value of supplies (Romer 212). There are many reasons and business models that encourage starting a business during weak economic performance. Hence, entrepreneurs should take adequate advantage of business opportunities during economic

Strategic Information Technology Management Essay

Strategic Information Technology Management - Essay Example Giving a user-friendly experience to the customer with trusting environment was the main objective of the company. From the very beginning the company started earning profit. In the year 1998 eBay was declared public with $18 per share and in the very next year 1999 eBay share was traded at b$282 a share. Soon it became the most valuable retailer over internet and even surpassed the giant like Amazon.com in respect of market capitalization. The core business functionality of the company mainly depends on trust and faith which the company always look very seriously and deal each people as goods that drive the business. The honest environment and respect for everyone whether big or small business or an individual is very important for the firm to grow its reach to the customers. The sellers who are the pillars of the business are taken care of at every step. For long-term profitability, trust and loyalty are the core strategies for the market development. The idea of internet auction p latform even facilitated the process of e-commerce which helps trade people to trade on anything available in the market. The efficient and effective transaction process of eBay helped a lot to grab the market for which people without any worry can buy and sell products online just by few clicks. The growing company continued its business expansion with more and more products and services and even entered into bidding of cars and real estate in recent years (Gopalkrishnan, Gupta, n.d. p. 1). Information Communication Technology implementation In the modern world of technology information and communication plays a great role in the business process in various ways. Amongst the various technological implementations the most prominent role is played by the concept of e-commerce in the... ‘Strategic Information Technology Management’ uses for an example online retail giant eBay.com because it is one of the popular online market place which not only operates locally but also national and internationally. The core business functionality of the company mainly depends on trust and faith which the company always look very seriously and deal each people as goods that drive the business. The honest environment and respect for everyone whether big or small business or an individual is very important for the firm to grow its reach to the customers. The sellers who are the pillars of the business are taken care of at every step. For long-term profitability, trust and loyalty are the core strategies for the market development. The idea of internet auction platform even facilitated the process of e-commerce which helps trade people to trade on anything available in the market. The efficient and effective transaction process of eBay helped a lot to grab the market for which people without any worry can buy and sell products online just by few clicks. The growing company continued its business expansion with more and more products and services and even entered into bidding of cars and real estate in recent years. The eBay.com with its diversified items and technological advancement gives a great prospect for the company for the growth in e-commerce industry. E-commerce offers a great growth rate for any company than any other traditional way of businesses. EBay took this opportunity to grow by using its enhanced e-commerce based business and its electronic data interchange technique for secured transaction for the customers.

Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay

Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay The preference of Indian consumers is changing from the merely functional products to the preferential products. The average annual spending of Indian consumers on cosmetics and toiletries in 2005 is just over US$3. The cosmetics and toiletries saw its value share rising from 27% in 1999 to 31% in 2005. This trend also continued after that with consistent increase in the share. The entry of many multinationals also fuelled the growth in the industry as foreign players focussed more on product innovation. It is seen that global companies after coming to India trying to explore the traditional skin care products in India. Indian consumers are increasingly looking to international personal care brands as lifestyle enhancement products which will create a sophisticated and upper class image. The total skin care market is estimated to be around Rs. 3,400 Cr. The total size of the Indian retail beauty and cosmetics market is currently estimated at $950 million.   The overall beauty and wellness market, which includes beauty services, is $2.68 billion.   The cosmetics market in India is growing twice as fast as that of the United States and European market. However, The skin care market is at a primary stage in India. The penetration level of this segment in India is around 20 per cent. The improvement of medical technology also fuels the growth of the market in India. Major companies active in this segment include Hindustan Lever; Godrej Soaps, Colgate-Palmolive, Marico, Dabur and Procter Gamble. The skin care market can be segregated into toners, cleansers, sunscreens, anti-wrinkle creams, dark circle removing creams, astringents, f acial creams, moisturizers, fairness creams, day and night-creams. The penetration level for both the urban and rural market is low. Many people still prefer to use traditional products to cure the skin More than 25% growth every year in the Skin Care Industry Facial skin care products have become an essential part of the beauty market Gradual Adoption of the western culture The chart below shows major players in the skin care industry and their respective market shares International Skin Care market The skin care industry worldwide is a 50 Billion Dollar plus business. Caring for the skin of people throughout the world is a popular business. It is a business where people are passionate about their work, because it matters. It matters to their families, to their communities, to their profession and the whole world. It is a business where unmet needs still abound and where people around the world are waiting for new and better solutions. The major product segments in the market are Face Care Products, Body Hand Care, and Depilatories, and, Sun Care Products. The sub product segments include Facial Moisturizers, Facial Cleansers, and Hand Body Lotions/Creams. At present there are about 889 companies in the international market including many key and niche players worldwide such as Amway Corp. Asian markets ( 2007 Euromonitor Report) Rank Country Skin Care Value per Capita Country %Growth 1 Japan 102 US $ Indonesia 26 2 Hong Kong 73 US $ China 16 3 Taiwan 58 US $ Vietnam 15 4 South Korea 57 US $ India 13 5 Singapore 41 US $ Singapore 10 6 Thailand 14 US $ Malaysia 10 7 Malaysia 10 US $ Thailand 9 8 Philippines 5 US $ Philipines 7 9 China 4 US $ Taiwan 5 10 Indonesia 1 US $ Hong Kong 4 11 Vietnam 1 US $ South Korea 4 12 India 1 US $ Japan 2 From the above table it is clear that, The people in India spent least amount of money on the skin care with respect to the other Asian countries, However India has shown a very rapid growth in the personal care segment with a growth of 13% and is ahead of 8 prominent Asian nations. That shows that India has a tremendous potential for growth. The chart mentioned below tells about the Per Capita Skin care product Consumption of the India in comparison to other Asian countries( The values are in US $). This There is a huge potential market for skin care products in India as compared to other Asian countries as Indian market is still to be explored. Percentage of Skin care products in total cosmetics products segments Skin Care: 16% approximately Hair Care: 16% approximately Bath and Shower products: 46% approximately Colour Cosmetics: 6% approximately Fragrances: 1% approximately Drivers of the Industry Growing worldwide wealth Changing consumer lifestyle Globalisation Celebrity endorsement increases consumers awareness and interest The total disposable income of the people in Asia is 21% of that of the world which is estimated to increase to a value of the 23%( Euro monitor Report) The major Skin Care Segments and their Drivers Strong Desire for the fair skin Drivers Asians beliefs White hides three ugly bits Fairer equals to upper class Stressful lifestyle Busy lifestyle resulting in less sleeping time Stress hormone sends the skins oil glands into overdrive Development and Outlook These beliefs and the strong desire for the skin whitening products led to the development of technology and evolution of new whitening products and formulations. The whitening creams are also produced for men. In recent years the fairness cream is combined with the anti-aging formulations which bring the satisfaction and feel good factor to the customer. Also with rise in work-stress and pollution people are more inclined to these products. Not only that, baby skin care products, sun protection products, bleach and facials also gained popularity among people. Anti Agers Drivers Growth in Aging Population Accelerated Aging Rising Pursuit of Agelessness Development and Outlook Target young consumers: Prevention better than cure Super-premium : From global to local brands Mass brands developments Cosmeceuticals : Collaboration between cosmetics and pharmaceutical company New technology and ingredient More regulated industry to ensure the safety of cosmeceuticals Facing strong competition from aesthetic beauty service industry Skin Care Applications Drivers Increased consumer knowledge on skin care application TV beauty programs educates consumers on different products benefits Technology advancement Skin care evolution thanks to technology and research Beauty web blogs to allow consumers to exchange ideas New Routine Cleansing Liquid Cleanser Lotion AC Essence Mask Emulsion Effector White Essence Cream Trends and development Usual Routine Cleanser Toner Moisturiser Development of more powerful products Consumers may outsource personal care and pay for spas and treatment India has the maximum growth in the resort/hotel spa( 107% growth annually in 2007) Natural and ethical products Drivers Massive awareness of health wellness Safety scares and recalls Consumers look for guarantee of authenticity Rising greensumerism Technology facilitate the development of more effective products Key Trends and Developments Edible, natural and herbal ingredients Environmentally friendly packaging New retail concepts Minerals and precious materials, including gold Packaging innovation: eco-friendly packaging Same consumer buying both high technology and natural products Emergence of at-home-make products Venture into other products, such as sun care Well-known designers and celebrities increase consumers knowledge on natural ethical products Men Skin Care Drivers Workplace: Pressure from competition in workplace led to the emergence of Metro sexual man Greater acceptance in developing nations Move to more advanced products Key trends and Development Stronger growth than skin care: In 2007, the Asian Skin Care Market has grown at a rate of 8%, where as the men skin care market has grown at a rate of 14%. Similarly projected growth in 2012 is 6%, whereas the growth of the men skin care segment is 8%. Moving away from 3 basic cleaning steps Macho-sexual vs metrosexual Increasing popularity of sportsmen Lower acceptance of mens colour cosmetics Main focus will still be skin care and other mens grooming products New technology Focusing on convenience Cosmetics surgery for men Getting popular in countries like Japan and South Korea Inhibitors of the Skin Care Industry Environmental Standards In 2003, Unilever, had been exposed by The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Friends of the Earth in an article in the Observer newspaper today for sourcing talc illegally quarried by an Indian mining company. The mining company has also listed US multinationals, Johnson Johnson, Revlon and Avon among its clients. The quarrying not only destroys tiger habitats but also devastates the forest and watersheds vital for the well being of local people. This is one of the examples of how the environmental protection standards can affect the business in skin care industry. Laws Regulations of the government Cosmetics directly affect peoples life. Hence, the regulations for the cosmetics match to that of the drugs considering the sensitivity of the skin care cosmetic products and their possible side effects. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 is there to impose standards on the cosmetics manufacturing industries. Government import export taxes and regulations for the foreign companies also affect the skin care market. High end customers prefer MNC skin care products. Stringent government regulations are certainly inhibitors of the development of the skin care market in India. Trends Opportunities in India Growth in the young population (RBI report): Changing demographics in India 2/3rd Population below age of 35 Favourable Consumption Pattern: The share of private consumption for personal care products increases consistently over the years( Economic Survey 2009) Increase in Urbanization in India: The skin care products are not in the basic need category. Hence, the urban people whose basic needs are fulfilled are more inclined to these products and are potential customers to buy the skin care products. Urban Population in Millions Urban Population as a percentage of total population 1971 109 19.9 1981 160 23.3 1991 218 25.7 2001 285 27.8 Porters five forces analysis of International Skin Care Industry The manufacturing of skin care products is currently dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century. The three largest skin care product companies in the world in terms of market share are Procter and Gamble, Loreal and Unilever. But they face stiff competition from the likes of Estee Lauder, Colgate Palmolive, Avon, Shisiedo, Johnson and Johnson, Beiersdorf. There are also a large number of local players within each market. In this analysis we will be analyzing the forces which affect the global skin care industry as a whole because many of the forces have similar effects across the world. Nature of Competition: The industry is a highly fragmented market, marked by the presence of a few companies with a global presence, which control a significantly larger share of the cosmetics market. The top 3 companies (LOreal, PG, and Estee Lauder) control around 35% of the share. The top 10 companies control nearly the 50% of the market. The rest of the market is distributed between small players who have a highly local presence. The industry is highly competitive due to the presence of a large no. of SMEs (France alone has over 850 firms with 10 employees or less). Another form of competition is from direct selling companies like Avon and Amway. The high end of the market is characterized by low volume, high product differentiation and large brand strength, which restricts the competition. While the low end market with limited differentiation allows opportunities for smaller companies to make their mark. Natural cosmetics in particular are rapidly gaining popularity and present an opportunity for SMEs and new entrants can compete against established giants. The industry is characterized by a high rate of product development and product obsolescence. Bargaining power of Buyers Due to the strong brand power of most of the large brands, buyer power of retailers and distributors is reduced as they must stock the most popular brands. But in operations where the retailers have a stronger position, markets where competition is intense, then buyer power increases. We can also analyze buyer power from the perspective of the end consumer because it is they who dictate the market trends. The customers do not always stick to one brand of makeup or perfume or any variant offered because the switching costs are very low. This means that buyer power is high and demand for favourable prices. Bargaining power of suppliers With global sales of nearly $300 billion in the cosmetic industry(2007 report), skin care products present one of the most complex global sourcing challenges. Much of the sourcing for the industry involves a fragile web of small, fragmented suppliers that must be linked together using a sophisticated and effective logistics technology. Suppliers are often small in scale compared to the largest manufacturers and consequently their power is reduced, but this countered by the fact that chemical producers gain revenues from a wide variety of sources, reducing their dependence on skin care product manufacturers. The trends seem to indicate similar conditions for the future. Overall, supplier power with respect to the cosmetic market is moderate. Threat of close substitutes: There are substitute products, but they are not fully developed in the Indian market as well as globally. There is a rise in popularity of the herbal and Ayurvedic products. People are more inclined to use skin care products that are made from natural herbs, rather than chemicals. Also some Ayurvedic medicines are believed to purify blood and bring good health to skin. The products made from chandan, haldi, rose water are used in villages to bring fairness in both girls and boys. These products are cheap and risk free. Hence , these products might act as substitutes to the skin care products produced by the companies. As the market of these herbal products is in the nascent stage, the threat from the substitute products is low. The same case is with the global skin care market. Threat from New Entrants Large firms generally have significant advantages over new entrants. Large firms scale economies allow them to compete more effectively on price, and invest in their own business; companies entering the market may find it difficult to compete. The brand strength of the major manufactures is considerable, which may negate much of the effect of low switching costs. New entrants may be able to start on a small scale, operating within a particular niche, such as make-up with anti-ageing components, for example, stressing natural ingredients. Hence, threat of new entrants is low. Barriers to Entry Product testing and research is both time-consuming and costly. New entrants also need to persuade stores to stock their products, and major retailers, aware of their importance in the distribution chain, may be unwilling to risk displacing existing brands for the sake of new ones. Substantial funds are needed to start up a business in this market, with capital required for investment in production, distribution, and also advertising which is crucial to success in the market. Hence, barrier to entry is high and needs high initial spending. Industry regulation: The companies are usually forced deal with strict regulations on issues like animal testing and environmental protection. Also cosmetic products have to face the highest level of scrutiny (almost the same level as pharmaceuticals) with regard to their safety levels. Strategy to be followed: They should try and target niche markets in the beginning and follow strategies like direct selling. Local penetration is required before moving for internationalization. Regulatory Landscape Current Indian cosmetic regulations are complex and there are multiple regulations under different regulatory bodies. There is a need to simplify the regulations and there is also a need to address the growing issue of spurious products and counterfeits. Indian cosmetic industry is mature and responsible enough to ensure safety quality of its products and the industry can take up joint responsibility with the Regulator for cosmetic regulations in India. European and ASEAN countries have adopted this model of self regulation successfully and the same is being suggested here in the Indian context. There is a negative list of ingredients which cant form a part of any cosmetic composition. There is also a restricted list of ingredients; such ingredients can be used only under specific concentration range in specific products and under specific conditions of pack declaration. In addition, there is a positive list of preservatives and UV filters thus restricting the choice of such ingredients and their concentrations. Cosmetic labeling is dictated by multiple regulations This includes Drug Cosmetics act, BIS packing norms and Standards of Weight Measures act. More recently, several amendments have been notified in the labeling clause of Drug and Cosmetic Act. Manufacturer is required to submit the relevant information pertaining to the formulation, raw materials used and their specifications, product quality specifications and safety data in support of the formulation. The information is reviewed by local (State) FDA and a cosmetic license is granted or otherwise. The clinical trial of the skin care products is also done to ensure safety for the consumers. Difference between Indian regulatory framework and the International regulatory framework for the skin care cosmetic products. EU ASEAN INDIA Legislative Document EU Cosmetic Directive ASEAN Cosmetic Directive Drugs Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 Labelling declarations: BIS product standards; PCRO Product classification Broader Cosmetic definition-definition includes secondary benefit; Broader Cosmetic definition-includes secondary benefit; Narrow Cosmetic definition-No secondary benefit allowed Cosmetic categories as illustrative lists yes yes No Claim Guidelines for regulation no yes No Value Chain Analysis The value chain for the cosmetic and skin care industry is as follows. The flow of channel from the supplier of the raw material to the retail shop is in accordance to the international generalized value chain. The analysis is also valid for the skin care products. Finished product Distributor Retail Raw material Supplier and DistributorNeutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Companies Raw Material Supplier for Skin Care Personal Care and Cosmetics Suppliers Media manufactures Chemicals Biological reagents Raw material supplier Preservative manufacturer Cosmetic Finished goods manufacturers; Salons; Department Stores; Dermatologist Office Finished Good Brand Owner CRO for finished goods and brand owner Gate Keepers Personal Care Council HUL In the skin care industry HUL is one of the major players having largest market share. Its famous brands in skin care are as follows Ponds : Global Brand, first mover to the country in 1947 Fair and Lovely : Patented formulation and is an Asian brand Lakhme Skin Care : This is brought from Tatas and is important for Salon business Aviation : Customized Skin Care solutions Vaseline : Monopoly in Indian Petro-jelly The personal product segment of HUL contributes to the 26% of the total revenue generated by the company. SWOT analysis of HUL Skin Care Strength The products have strong market reach. The soap brand LUX is available both in high price and low price variations. The skin cream brand fair Lovely has a very wide spread market. Strong Sales and Distribution Networks. Many variants of each product: Fair Lovely, Ayurvedic Fair Lovely, Fair lovely Anti marks Under a particular sub-brand, there is a huge diversified portfolio of products. For example, under Lakhme, there are almost all types of skin care products.( Anti aging, scrub, fairness, face wash, oil control etc) Both value and volume growth are ahead of the market Weakness The skin care products are mainly positioned as beauty products and are relevant to women. Though there is a huge opportunity to explore the products relevant to men, HUL has not much penetration to it. It is currently entering into the men skin care segment The sun screen, scrub and facial skin care products are not well developed till now and are not doing well compared to other skin care brands Premium products are not popular in rural Indias Opportunity Lakme Lever Private Limited (LLPL) commenced operations during the course of the year with the objective of achieving excellence in beauty services and with a view to create and nurture a service mindset. The Company launched the Lakme Studio, a premium salon format commencing with Delhi which has shown early signs of success. Similarly, Lakme Studio have also been recently rolled out in Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Liquid Body Wash is currently in growth stage. The HUL brands like Lakhme, Dove, Lux could produce products of these kind and capture the market Threat HUL skin care is at a maturity stage. The revenues may decline if constant innovation is not followed. Strong Internal competition: Competition between Lakhme Dove, Competition between Lux and Peers. External Competition and foreign players( Garnier, LOreal, Nivea etc) Brand Perception Brand Perception of the customers is mentioned is mentioned on the basis of perception about some specific brands like DOVE Fair and Lovely Fair Lovely Brand Perception: Customers believe that Fair Lovely ( Anti marks) is specially designed for skin with marks and spots. Fair Lovely with breakthrough Vita-Aloe Complex Lightens different kinds of marks in 4 weeks Gets visible fairness in 4 weeks Helps in preventing spots from coming back Ayurvedic Fair Lovely has extensively researched the fairness secrets of ancient Ayurveda and created a unique mix containing extracts of special Ayurvedic herbs. Its proven formula penetrates deep down your skin to give you a glowing fairness from within. Fair Lovely Ayurvedic contains Kumkumadi Tailam, an ancient fairness recipe of 16 precious Ayurvedic ingredients. Ayurvedic Fair Lovely Fairness Cream contains Nilopala Patanga. These Soothe relax skin cells, give a serene look. It also contains Chandana Ushira which reduce skin irritation, give long lasting cooling sensation. Marketing Strategy Adopted: Fair Lovely , apart from the fairness cream for girls entering into the men fairness segment and body lotion segment to increase its portfolio of products. Fair Lovely menz active is the product in this segment. Entering into Aurvedic segment, Fair Lovely is able to create a perception in the minds of the customer that its product is totally free from harmful chemicals and can bring a permanent change in the colour of the skin without any side effects as Ayurvedic products are without side effects. Fair Lovely, also in its advertisements creates a picture of woman which is unsuccessful and rejected everywhere because of her dark skin. Where as after using the product, she is able to regain her self respect and becomes successful. EMAMI Emami , a kolkata based company has been in the skin care products since the last 30 years and has sustained a good position in ayurvedic products. Products Boroplus Cream Fair and Handsome Boroplus Powder Navratna Cool Talc New Launched Products Boroplus Body Lotion Malai Kesar Cold Cream Marketing Mix Product Emamis products are mainly based on Ayurveda. The major skin care products are e.g.Fair and Handsome, Boroplus etc. Fair and Handsome continued its brand category dominance in the Middle East and the sub-continent; Boroplus maintained its dominance in India, Russia, Ukraine and Nepal. New products (Boroplus Winter Lotion and Emami Malai Kesar Soap) and new product variants (Navratna Oil) were launched. Price Emami has set the prices which are reachable to people of all economic status , and the products are available in wide variety of volumes e.g. Fair and handsome is available in SKUs of 7 ml, 12 ml, 30 ml and 60 ml. Place Emami has a good distribution network. The vast network includes over 4, 25,000 retail outlets, 2,800 distributors, 1,500 sub-distributors, 30 depots, six regional sales offices Promotion Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10. Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Mumbai Indians (Sachin Tendulkar, Harbhajan Singh, Zaheer Khan), Saurav Ganguly, Virendra Sehwag, Madhuri Dixit, Chiranjeevi, Surya, Sunny Deol and others SWOT Analysis Strength: Distribution Network- Emamis products are available in 4,25,000 Indian retail outlets and 65 countries. Strong reach in rural india Celebrity ambassadors- Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan,Kareena Kapoor Advertisement Spent- Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10 Advertising spend, as a proportion of the total revenues, was 18.7% in 2009-10 against 19.3% in 2008-09 Innovation- Emamis Fair and Handsome created mans fairness as new category of skincare products in India Fiscally Efficient- Nearly 56.1 % of Emamis revenue were derived from tax exempted locations in 2009-10 Certifications- Emamis quality credentials comprise respected certifications like cGMP, ISO 14000 and ISO 22000. Weekness: Inability to launch new products Major products based on Ayurved only Opportunities: The growing demand of beauty products provides a good opportunity. Emami can take advantage of already captured greater market share in the Fair and handsome and Boroplus products. Threats: A threat to the Emami is also the growing competition within the field of cosmetic brands. Due to the ongoing addition to the field of cosmetics, there is still the danger that other brands could surpass the profit. Another threat to the Company is the economic downturn that is quite evident in other countries. Such could thus hurt the possibility of higher profit for the company. Problems or delays in integration with Zandus distribution network, positioning and brand building may result in lower profit Fair and Handsome Cream Emami Fair Handsome is positioned as a product for male and portrays a strong male image. The colors used are silver, black and orange, which gives a strong macho look to the product. The pink colour is being avoided. The illustration on the cover page are before and after effects of the cream. It also contains a leaflet of information. This is to make sure that customer is well conversant with the instructions and is satisfied with the product. It was Launched in October 2005; first fairness cream for men in India Competitors- Fair Lovely Menz Active (Hindustan Unilever), Fair One Man (Elder Pharma, Shehnaz Hussain), Nivea for Men Whitening Cream (Nivea) and Set Wet Get Fair (Paras Pharma) Point of Difference- The unique five-power formula helps enhance skin fairness in just four weeks. The formula includes double-strength peptide complex, sunguard, anti-bacplus, stress buster and herbocool. Market Share- enjoys 84% market share in the Rs. 137 cr domestic mens fairness cream market Sales- Sales grew by 27% in 2009-10 Boroplus Antiseptic Cream Aniceptic and curative cream which is ideal for hard weather conditions and minor skin problems Competitors- The brands principal competitor is Boroline. During winters, the brand competes with other winter care products like cold creams, petroleum jelly and lotion etc. Pont of Difference- The presence of ayurvedic elements enhances medicinal and anti-septic features. Market Share- Boroplus accounts for around 74% market share of the Rs. 269-cr boro brand creams in India. Sales- Largest selling antiseptic cream not only in India but also in Ukraine, Russia and Nepal. Sales grew by 15% in FY 10 Boroplus Brand has been ranked 77th in the Brand Equity Zydus Wellness Ltd Segmentation: Everyuth is a brand of Zydus Wellness Ltd ,a pharmaceutical company which caters to a flexible market segment of woment aged between 18 to 35 years. They have a monthly income of Rs 10000 and above and they live in u

Essay --

Schroeder 1 Hunter Schroeder Ms. Caturano Honors English 9 January 2013 Independent Reading: Connections Connection: Going to Extremes For Love The Hunger Games is set in world called Panem that was once America, before the Capitol was overcome in some unexplained, apocalyptic war. As punishment for that aggression, the remains were divided into 12 districts. Every year each district has to send one boy and one girl between 12 and 18 years old, chosen by lottery, to compete in a nationally televised event called â€Å"the Hunger Games.† The purpose of this is to create a mass killing spree with only one survivor. What really twists this storyline is when two tributes from the same district fall in love and fight to protect each other until they are the last ones left in the games. The two go to extreme measures to keep one another out of danger. â€Å"You're still trying to protect me. Real or not real," he whispers. "Real," I answer. "Because that's what you and I do, protect each other† (Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games). Because the hunger games is such a gruesome event, the things Katniss and Peeta did for each other aren't typical things couples would give up for eachother. These two would share supplies and weapons along with going as far as killing off an attacking enemy. Seeing how far Katniss and Peeta were willing to go to be with each other gave me a better understanding of why Romeo and Juliet fought to never let anything get in between them. Even though Romeo is a Montague and Juliet is a Capulet and the two families have an ancient rivalry they did not let that stand in the way of being with each other. â€Å"O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name! Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, ... ...ena. â€Å"You love me. Real or not real?" I tell him, "Real.† (Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games). Even though Katniss and Peeta are so young, they truly believe that they are in love. This changes my opinion of Romeo and Juliet and leads me to believe that they really could have been in love so young. Romeo and Juliet were a mere 13 and 14 when they claimed to fall madly in love and get married, but this was around the normal marrying age for that time period. â€Å"But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun† (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet). In this time period, young people were very romantically mature and knew about love and did not just marry anyone because there was no such thing as divorce. This makes me think that Romeo and Juliet may have been in love and people were just very critical because the were of rival families.

Sarah Orne Jewett’s description of a New England town in the passage ‘The Country of the Pointed Firs’

Writing in the nineteenth century, Sarah Orne Jewett adopts one of the most contemporaneous literary devices in ‘The Country of the Pointed Firs,' producing a realistic portrayal of American life, whilst setting her scene specifically in the New England town of Dunnet Landing. Various authors of this period embraced this variation of ‘realism' known as ‘regionalism' due to its potential for the exploration of particular social issues, matters which could not be portrayed as effectively without a physical setting to intensify their significance. Caroline Zilboorg outlines this literary movement as often including ‘vivid depictions of particular experience' one which explores ‘the meaning of age, race, class and gender as well as region. ‘ Although undertaking this technique of regionalist writing, the landscape Jewett writes about is merely a small garden at the back of a New England village house, whereas the majority of authors engage in writing about significantly larger and more expansive areas. Despite this, Jewett is just as able to employ her chosen area in the exploration of the attitudes and beliefs in those living there. The narrator's tone varies through the piece, initially perceiving the garden and its contents with little more than acknowledgement of its presence, describing it rather cynically as being ‘retired and sheltered. ‘ However, as the narrator continues to describe the surroundings, the reader gains the impression that the garden is of greater significance even to the narrator than originally thought. The narrator's tone appears to gain a nostalgic tone as the description progresses, almost as the speaker is being overwhelmed by the sheer abundance of its contents. To reinforce this, the narrator's depiction first appears to be rather vague and uninteresting, yet speedily becomes a vivid portrayal of all that is alive in the confined space. The reader gains a sense that almost as though against his will, the narrator has become enraptured by his surroundings, first focusing on the queerness of the arrangement of greenery, then pausing to admire the sea-breezes laden with the sweet smells of various herbs. This detailed contrast to the rather simplistic introduction provokes the reader into wondering why the narrator seems reluctant to take pleasure in surroundings which he obviously recognises as beautiful. The narrator's own words delineate him as being a keen admirer of the garden, finding himself ‘confronted with great pride and pleasure in the display,' yet the opening sentences reveal the speaker's more withdrawn perception of a landscape he later admits finding picturesque. The latter half of the text indicates the narrator's desire discontinue ‘seein' folk,' yet the manner in which he describes the garden suggests that the opening paragraph was merely a method of convincing himself that this is indeed what he wants. This sceptical attitude is dissolved however and replaced with nostalgic reminiscing once the splendour has been rediscovered. The structure of the piece reinforces this idea, for the length sentences serve to have the effect of almost drawing the reader into the body of the text, paralleling the narrator's feelings of being redrawn into the garden he desires to leave. Due to the sheer amount of detailed features contained within the garden, the narrator's portrayal begins with one basic aspect, in this instance ‘two or three hollyhocks and some London-pride were pushed back against the gray-shingled wall,' which eventually progresses into a vivid account of the true subject matter, in this case the narrator's companion, Mrs Todd. Such a methods is similar to that of author Robert Frost, likewise a keen writer of New England landscape. Frost similarly starts with a simple concept such as an explicit description of a scene or a narrator's surroundings which subsequently develops into a more complex depiction of either the narrator himself or how the scene affects his mood. Jewett likewise begins with a description of the greenery which builds up into unintentionally revealing the narrator's feelings towards his companion. The speaker's portrayal of Mrs Todd therefore begins with a general description, picturing her as ‘ a very large person', ‘an ardent lover of herbs. Already in this basic depiction, the narrator unconsciously begins to explore the character of Mrs Todd through his comprehensive language, using words such as ‘ardent' to portray to the reader how highly Mrs Todd values her garden. Her care of the garden, and her assistance to the local community in the form of herbal remedies pictures her as a caring welcoming woman, yet, her statue and overall presence reveal a more domineering eve n controlling persona. Jewett states that ‘her full skirts brushed and bent all the rest,' (of the flowers her feet missed. ) It has been suggested as an enforcement of this point, that her responsibility in caring for the garden also portrays a more authoritative side to her character, a subconscious desire to dominate. In this respect, it is both Mrs Todd and the narrator who subconsciously feel drawn by the garden and what it represents. Nevertheless, Mrs Todd can be seen as a mothering figure, from the rounded figure to her name, depicting her a warm and welcoming character. Additionally, the reader openly recognises Mrs Todd's wisdom, yet only mentions her knowledge concerning the usage of herbs and other such greenery. The reader however, can note that Mrs Todd also appears to be a more ‘worldly' figure than merely knowledgeable on plant life, for she does not show any ill feelings towards the speaker, instead becomes ‘more wistfully affectionate than ever. ‘ Her understanding response to the narrator's decision to leave enforces her kindly character, yet ironically may make it harder for the speaker to leave in such pleasant circumstances. The reader can imagine that Mrs Todd what with her dedication to garden and contents would not be an companion the speaker would want to in any way disappoint or frustrate. Despite the narrator's eagerness to leave, the reader can assume that unknowingly, they have established their own terms between them, conveyed through the narrator's language, ‘what we called ‘seein' folks', and referring to ‘our business. ‘

Honest Iago (Othello) essays

Honest Iago (Othello) essays In William Shakespeares Othello, there were many characters that played important roles in telling this story, but perhaps none as important as the character Iago. Iago presented himself as faithful and trustworthy, but underneath lied deception and betrayal. Three characteristics attributed best to his personality, Iagos motivation, his honesty, and his self-esteem. Discussions of Iago's reasons for his hatred of Othello often begin with the fact that in choosing a lieutenant, Othello passed over Iago in favor of Cassio, but Iago may have hated Othello even before that. Roderigo opens the play by exclaiming to Iago, "Tush! Never tell me; I take it much unkindly that thou, Iago, who hast had my purse As if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this. The "this" is the elopement of Othello and Desdemona. Roderigo has been giving Iago money to help him into Desdemona's favor, and he assumes that Iago knew about the elopement. Iago didn't know, which must have been embarrassing. Iago tells Roderigo that the elopement was a surprise, and Roderigo replies, "Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate". Then Iago tells Roderigo about being passed over for promotion. So Iago must have told Roderigo of his hatred for Othello before this, and maybe before he was passed over for promotion. If it was earlier that Iago told Roderigo that he hated Othe llo, that could have been part of Iago's scam, but it also could have been the truth.. After Othello has left for Cyprus, Iago has a soliloquy in which he says that he hates Othello, "And it is thought abroad, that 'twixt my sheets He has done my office". "Abroad" means "everywhere," and Iago's "office" (function) between his sheets is to have sex with his wife. Iago is saying that everyone thinks that Othello is having an affair with Iago's wife. The rest of the play makes it clear that none of this is true; Othello and Iago's wife are not even vaguely intereste...

ADHD Diagnosis Relief and Fear for Others Essays

ADHD Diagnosis Relief and Fear for Others Essays ADHD Diagnosis Relief and Fear for Others Essay ADHD Diagnosis Relief and Fear for Others Essay Today, in the United States there are 5 million kids, adolescence and grownups that are diagnosed with larning disablements ( NCLD ) . There are no known factors that cause larning disablements ; therefore these disablements are non the consequence of economic disadvantages, environmental factors or cultural differences. To be labeled as holding a learning disablement is potentially stigmatising for both the person and household members MacMaster, Donovan A ; MacIntyre ( 2002 ) . Factors associating to being labeled can ensue in hapless socialisation accomplishments, academic failure, and cognitive shortages that might interfere with the development of the kid s self- regard. The National Center for Learning Disabilities ( NCLD ) classifies Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) as a acquisition disablement where the person has a trouble remaining attentive, commanding his or her behaviour and is overactive. About one tierce of persons with larning disablements besides ha ve ADHD. There is a contention among pedagogues sing the injury a kid goes through when they foremost find out that there is something incorrect with them ; Timimi A ; Leo ( 2009 ) believe that a individual diagnosing relieves emphasis, defeat and frights from the parent when they are faced with the complex undertaking of their kid s instruction. For whatever ground, some parents push for their kid to be labeled merely in order to have single services. However, there has been a recent realisation of the upset and hence an addition in the figure of persons that are diagnosed for intervention of ADHD. The quality of services the ADHD kid receives can change harmonizing to each school territory. Unlike specific subject-based larning disablements such as linguistic communication, reading or math, the option of stimulating medicine could be used to assist handle ADHD. The intervention of ADHD remains controversial while the diagnosing and prescriptions of stimulating medicine has gone t hrough a steep addition in the past few decennaries in most Western Societies Timimi ( 2009 ) . The addition in the figure of ADHD diagnosing is due to the better apprehension of ADHD, and the alteration in the manner society classifies and trades with kids s behaviours. This alteration is a move from believing about a kid s behaviour as normal to believing that these behaviours are symptoms of a medical status. This paper argues that the usage of stimulating medicine should non be an option for the intervention of ADHD in preschool-aged kids because they are still developing and demand to larn to command their urges. For kids in simple school, behavioural intervention should be the primary class of action and stimulating medicine should be considered as the last class of action. It is necessary for both age groups to develop womb-to-tomb accomplishments that train the encephalon how to concentrate instead than merely ordering medicine that could potentially lose its authority over clip. What is ADHD? Rowland, Lesesne A ; Abromowitz ( 2002 ) , province that presently, ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopment upsets of childhood. Daley, Jones, Hutchings and Thompson ( 2008 ) , describe ADHD as a continual form of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that correlates with the kid s developmental province. These symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity typically arise in early childhood and can do cross-situational damage from place to school. Troubles include hapless ordinance of emotions, jobs with motor co-ordination and low defeat tolerance. Children with ADHD are at hazard of non developing appropriate socialisation accomplishments, may hold hapless academic accomplishment and hapless life-skills and this deficiency of basic accomplishments can transport into maturity. Those with ADHD tend to dawdle about two old ages behind their equals in societal development which explains why ADHD has co-morbidities with other psychiatric and developmental upsets i n about 30-70 % of kids with ADHD Rowland et Al. ( 2002 ) . These kids are more likely to see more societal rejection by their equals. Having ADHD is serious non merely to one s instruction, but to one s overall wellness. Those with ADHD are at an increased hazard for prosecuting in life endangering behaviours such as smoke, unprotected sex, intoxicant and drug maltreatment. It is reported that ADHD drivers have 50 % more moving misdemeanors and three times more accidents than the normal population Rowland et Al. ( 2002 ) . Woodard ( 2006 ) raises the concern that some parents and primary attention suppliers are discerning that stimulating medicine may ensue in a future maltreatment of illegal stimulation drugs. Children with ADHD usage more medical and mental wellness services than other kids because they are 10 times every bit likely to prosecute in ego inflicted hurt and twice every bit likely to run the hazard of serious hurt DiScala EL al.,1998. On a fiscal position, those wi th ADHD had twice the sum of medical costs and ten times the sum of outpatient mental wellness services compared to the normal population. Therefore, those with ADHD disproportionately use the mental wellness system. Monitoring and long term surveies on the effects of stimulating medicine are necessary in explicating a public wellness response and cut downing hazardous wellness behaviours. Rise in Diagnosis and Prescriptive Treatment of ADHD Timimi ( 2009 ) , states that in Western civilizations rates of diagnosing and prescriptions of psychiatric medicine for ADHD has dramatically increased in the last few decennaries. Rowland et Al. ( 2002 ) , indicates the progressively big figure of kids being treated for ADHD is a concern for the overall general populace and wellness functionaries. The rapid addition in the figure of kids being prescribed medicine connects back to the concern over whether the diagnosing is being made decently Rowland et Al. ( 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 2 million kids have ADHD. Three quarters of these 2 million kids are identified as taking Ritaline, one of the more popular stimulation medicines used in the intervention of ADHD. In some of the more richness vicinities in the United States, it is noted that over 15 % of Caucasic male childs go toing simple school in are being treated with some signifier of stimulating medicine for ADHD. In 2005 ther e was a reported addition in baby doctors ordering an extra stimulation to the cocktail if the first medicine did non hold any important consequence on the kid s behavior Wolraich EL Al ( 2010 ) . The job is since there are no long term surveies on the effects of these medicines ; the long term hazard of medicating a kid throughout his or her school old ages is unknown. Another wellness concern is medication intervention is normally less effectual in existent universe scenes than in clinical tests even when conformity and side effects are apparent. Medication entirely does non normalise one s behaviour. Therefore, understanding those who respond ill to medicines is necessary so that other signifiers of intervention attacks can be developed ( Rowland, 2002 ) . Who is Performing the Diagnosis of ADHD Pediatric and household pattern doctors play an of import function in naming ADHD. Parents bring their kids into the doctor s office and merely a little part of kids will exhibit the overt symptoms of ADHD during the office visit Posey, Bassin A ; Lewis ( twelvemonth? ) ( 59 ) . Williams et al. , 2004 besides note that 45 out of 47A baby doctors surveyed reported ADHD as their most common diagnosing. It seems a speedy diagnosing in the baby doctor s office might be rushed and needs farther ratings since the kid might merely be holding a bad twenty-four hours. This is interesting since the diagnosing of ADHD is through proving done by multiple different beginnings including medical professionals and clinical ratings and trials. Rowland et al. , ( 2002 ) account for this is that the wellness attention system does non adequately counterbalance primary attention suppliers for mental wellness ratings. The links between primary attention suppliers and mental wellness specializers are ten uous and supply few inducements for supplying systematic follow ups after appraisal. Even when the DSM-IV standard is used in doing a diagnosing, it does non stipulate how studies from different information should be combined. The job lies in the deficiency of standardisation and continuity in this procedure that dramatically displacements who is considered a instance. Since there are about 2 million kids diagnosed with ADHD, means that on norm there will be at least one kid with ADHD in every schoolroom. ADHD affects kids across all environments, therefore alterations in the schoolroom are necessary as portion of a holistic attack to intervention. A A Sherman, Rasmussen A ; Baydala 2008, makes the correlativity that instructors and other school professionals are frequently the first to propose the diagnosing of ADHD.A Switching the profession who determines the diagnosing from doctors and wellness attention suppliers to instructors function can assist advance a positive collaborative attack to turn toing and handling ADHD.A Physicians now are sing teacher ratings when naming and handling their patients.A This coaction between wellness professionals, instructors and parents are of import factors while implementing intercessions. The job arises when wellness professionals create a intervention or intercession for their patient, without sing how in structors will accept the intervention. The chief job with instructors take parting in the intercession is the sum of clip required.A The degree of accomplishment and clip committedness necessary to put to death the intercession creates unneeded hazards for the other kids in the classroom.A Integrate this subdivision with above While school professionals harmonizing to Rowland et Al, ( 2002 ) are frequently the first group to detect marks of ADHD, kids are frequently non diagnosed by psychologists or head-shrinkers but instead, baby doctors or other primary attention providers.A In these instances, most primary attention doctors do non utilize the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV ) as a criterion when measuring ADHD.A Pediatric Research in Office Settings ( PROS ) has estimated that 62 % of clinicians based their diagnosing on clinical intuition or other non standardized signifiers of appraisals instead than the DSM standards for an ADHD diagnosing. Preschool Children Since more kids [ any manner to quantify this? ] are now traveling to some kind of school before kindergarten, it is natural for kids s alone behaviour to be picked up and characterized by professionals. In preschools, 2-5 % of kids are diagnosed with ADHD. Features of ADHD in this age group include heedlessness, hyperactivity and unprompted behaviours. Socially the kids do non listen to instructions, they have trouble sitting still, and they interrupt conversations and blunder out out inappropriate remarks. These features are riotous to the overall instruction of the pupils in the preschool category and these ADHD pupils are more likely to be suspended from preschools due to riotous behaviours Young A ; Amarasingh ( 2010 ) . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Covering With ADHD In the Classroom [ see prof s notes talk more by and large about ADHD in the schoolroom before the complications of multidisciplinary intervention programs ] Kyangha Lee s 2008, survey ADHD in American Early- Schooling: From a Cultural Psychological Perspective indicates that the debatable behaviour of the ADHD pupil interrupts the acquisition of the other kids in the schoolroom who deserve to learn.A The attending spent on the kid with ADHD creates such a distraction in the schoolroom that the instructor is so unable to learn the other kids particularly fixing the kids for required province accomplishment tests.A Therefore, it is necessary for everything to flux swimmingly so that all the pupils to larn the academic topics and fix for their tests.A In Kyungwa Lee survey ADHD in American Early Schooling, Jennifer, a 2nd class instructor explains how medication makes her twenty-four hours easier when those pupils have taken their medicine ( 429 ) . However, Jennifer states from a female parent s position the concern that her boy was non demoing his true personality with his medicine even though he was able to concentrate and learn.A Wh ile most instructors do non oppose medicine in serious instances, they do non like the thought of medicating pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten children.A Deb, a pre- Kindergarten instructor, expresses her concern by stating kids are developing so much at this [ age ] so many things are traveling onaˆÂ ¦ and I think giving medicine to set an terminal to the job is non to the kid s benefit ( Lee, 2008, p. 428 ) .A Deb continues by explicating in some terrible instances medicine is necessary similar to the demand of insulin for a diabetic but merely if the diagnosing of ADHD is certain and interfering to a great extent with the kid s education.A While many instructors are concerned about noticeable riotous behaviours, there are some instructors who are more concerned about less seeable and inattentive behaviours. These inattentive kids are overlooked because they are frequently quiet and good but in world their heedlessness interrupt their ain personal acquisition. Carol, a Kindergarten instructor, describes these kids as off in [ their ] ain universe, playing with [ their ] shoe laces, or playing with the rug, or aˆÂ ¦looking at the wallaˆÂ ¦ and non listening or paying attending to what s traveling on ( Lee, 2008, p. 421 ) . With this immature age group, instructors frequently try to avoid hyperactive-impulsive behaviours as a major symptom of ADHD since they are cognizant that these behaviours can be normal for immature kids three and four old ages of age. Preschool instructors have a difficult clip finding if the kid has trouble compared to a kid in simple school ; preschool aged kids are still larning how to command themselves and understand acceptable school behaviour such as how to sit and listen to a narrative. While it is characteristic for preschool pupils to miss self control, the manner the instruction environment is set up the deficiency of place work and prep in these age groups creates trouble for a instructor to distinguish a kid with ADHD from his normal equals ( Lee, 2008 ) . Expected gender features can take to misdiagnosing ADHD.A Boys tend to be over diagnosed due to their hyperactivity, while misss are under diagnosed because they do non move out as much.A Girls have societal outlooks of being quiet, dainty and proper.A They tend to sit down and be quiet while male childs are expected to be for unsmooth and boisterous. The bulk of instructors are more opposed to medicine for misss than male childs Lee 2008. In add-on, instructors are more likely to try behavioural techniques for misss compared to boys. Researchers argue that pharmaceutical intervention is used for advancing the outlooks of a boy codification for what are appropriate masculine behaviours which result in success and accomplishment in competitory acquisition and featuring environments. Ritalin is a manner of bring forthing better male childs by enabling them with the chance to gain A s and non B s in order to concentrate on the earnestness of constructing their hereafter Kindlon and Thompson ( 1999 ) . Lee 2008, shows that kids with ADHD are found across all economic degrees, civilizations and cultural backgrounds at the same rates. It is besides celebrated that those with ADHD tend to hold late birthdays in the school twelvemonth rhythm doing them the youngest in their class.A This might bespeak that portion of ADHD could be a adulthood issue because some kids can be up to a twelvemonth behind some of their schoolmates. If the big age spread is so, so no medicine could do a kid behave older than their age.A If a kid is biologically immature for their age group or even Acts of the Apostless younger, instructors so perceive these pupils as problematic, which in bend can take to labeling kids as pathological or sick.A Rogoff, 2003 describes how age is non tracked in many cultural communities in footings of age norms.A The job with Western schools is that they are connected in industrialisation that places value one s efficiency and productivity.A Develop these farther. Harmonizing to Mooney ( 2000 ) 60 % of those with ADHD and or Learning Disabilities end up in gaol, while 80 % terminal up in the mental infirmaries. [ Is this right? ] This dismaying statistic demonstrates that this job is more than an issue in the schoolroom. The fact that so many kids with larning troubles end up in gaol and or the mental establishment shows that this is a public issue because some former pupils could be menaces to society. It is of import to stress that non every kid with ADHD is traveling to turn up as a menace to society, and if they do, it that does non intend that they are in gaol for slaying. It could merely be the fact that since some did non graduate high school, they might hold trouble set downing a occupation to back up them and as a consequence have to back up themselves by other agencies. Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD However, the intervention of ADHD during pre school old ages is widely controversial because of recent medicine tests. The Preschools with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study ( PATS ) [ in what twelvemonth? ] was the first controlled test to measure the safety and efficaciousness of Ritalin ( one of the active ingredients in stimulating medicine ) in kids between 3 and 5 old ages old. This test was configured to measure the short-run efficaciousness and long term safety in preschool kids with ADHD. Thirty per centum of the participant s parents reported moderate to terrible inauspicious side effects such as emotional jobs sleep issues, decreased appetency and crossness. These side effects were doing excessively much injury for some so that 11 % of the participants dropped out of the test due to the unbearable side effects ( Daley, Jones, Hutchings A ; Thompson ( 2008 ) . This shows that one of import concern for medicine is the study of unwanted side effects. S ome of these side effects include clinginess, melancholy, and crossness, backdown in drama, decreased appetency and difficultly kiping. Another survey done by the Preschools with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study ( PATS ) sponsored by the National Institutes of Mental Health showed the correlativity between stimulating medicine and growing deceleration with important diminutions in tallness and increase in rate of weight addition in kindergartners. Posey, Bassin A ; Lewis ( twelvemonth? ) Preschoolers who remained on stimulations experienced a 20 per centum lessening in expected tallness addition and a 50 five per centum lessening in expected weight addition ( Timimi, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the NIMH, these pupils are more susceptible to inauspicious drug side effects such as reduced socialisation, appetite suppression, weariness, sleep jobs and temper deregulating, with troubles such as dysphasia and crossness to a point where parents end up taking to stop t he medicine and describe some concentration betterment. As many as150, 000 kids ( 1.5 % of all preschool kids ) are taking stimulations, tranquillizers, antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs. This tendency non merely indicates the addition of kindergartners taking medicine, but besides shows they are likely to take medicine for longer periods of clip [ than who or what? ] ( Posey et al. ) . When taking a medicine attack for a preschool aged kid it is necessary to see a figure of factors such as rapid cardinal nervous system development, higher rates of inauspicious effects, affected emotional and cognitive developments, linguistic communication and developmental degree and the fact that about all medicines for ADHD are non FDA approved for kids less than five old ages of age ( Posey et al. ) [ day of the month, page ] . It was one time believed that the critical periods of neurodevelopment were limited to gestation and babyhood. Now, nevertheless, it is considered a procedure that remains throughout a individual s lifetime. Therefore, with this information, exposures to environmental toxins, including pharmaceuticals, can ensue in a diminution in cognitive or behavioural maps. Presently, in the field of neuroscience and developmental psychological science, the importance of protecting the normal development of young persons and teens has increased for two grounds. First , the importance of maximising the encephalon growing in childhood straight correlates with the addition of intelligence and decreases the badness of dementedness in the ulterior phases of life. [ beginning of old statement ] This rational and emotional adulthood depends on the white affair called medulla in the encephalon. Finally, if medicine is present, it may forestall the catch-up growing in the encephalon from the normal development, which has been linked to long term shortages in grownup knowledge ( Timimi, 2009 ) . While all these side effects are true, instructors tend to concentrate more on the positive than negative effects of medicine. These positive effects centre on being successful and working in school. The instructor s position of positive effects fit into the cultural beliefs about the independent ego as stable and in control. Because of the manner that the school system is set up, there are limited ways for a kid to prosecute in originative look in school. [ is this Anna s sentiment or a fact? ] The instructors perceptual experience of medicine is that it helps the pupil to be in control of their emotions is short sighted. The accent on accomplishment in standardised trials deprives kids of the chance and clip to foremost develop ego control and ego subject. The manner the school system is presently set up, instructors start in the incorrect topographic point by stressing on what pupils can non make or make non cognize. There must be a better system that builds a kid s self-respect on strengths, accomplishments and abilities to prosecute the whole individual to their greatest potency. There needs to be less of a push to label kids with everything they struggle with and turn disablements into something everyone can easy work with, on occasion work about, and sometimes turn into a strength? [ cheque quote does it truly hold a inquiry grade? ] ( Lee, 2008 ) . Summarize up this subdivision and passage to following subdivision. Non-pharmacological interventions This needs an debut Since there is much concern and uncertainness about the long term effects of stimulating medicine in immature kids, parent preparation for preschool kids must be the first measure in the intervention program. Parent preparation is the healthiest intervention since there are no chemical changes and the most lasting signifier of intervention since it develops one s accomplishments to modify their behaviour. Parental preparation purposes to learn parents to larn how to place and pull strings the ancestors and effects of a kid s behaviour. Harmonizing to Logian, Elbert, A ; Johnson ( 1998 ) , parent preparation besides includes how to treat, mark and to supervise debatable behaviours by honoring positive societal behaviours through congratulations, and positive attending while diminishing unwanted behaviours through planned clip out and other non physical disciplinary techniques. These are extremely structured plans that can run up to several hebdomads long. An illustration of a parent preparation plan is the Incredible Years Program which has been found to be effectual for preschool kids with early oncoming symptoms of ADHD every bit good as other behavior upsets. Parents that enrolled in this plan reported that they noticed lower degrees of inattentive and hyperactivity impulsive symptoms in comparing to parents who were in the control group. Harmonizing to Jones, 57 % of these kids had such an betterment with their intervention that they were no longer had symptoms to stay classified as ADHS and remained so at their 18 month follow up rating. This manner the ADHD symptoms are addressed by working with the parents to enable them to modify and heighten their parenting accomplishments in hopes of bettering the parent- kid relationship. Therefore, parent preparation purposes to learn parents how to place and pull strings a kid s behaviour, mark and proctor debatable behaviours, and how to honor with appropriate positive attending. The end of parent preparation is t he same as behavioural therapy but differs in the fact that the parent is the 1 to increase one on one contact and learn their kids schemes sing how to get by with job behaviours. Parent preparation plans are good in the intervention of ADHD because it helps parents go more competent in covering with their kid s behaviour. The ADHD NICE Clinical Guideline recommends that a similar parent preparation plan mentioned above demands to be the first line of intervention in preschool kids. Harmonizing to some parents, this topographic points emphasis that they are at mistake because it places incrimination that they lack rearing accomplishments or are bad parents. Alternatively, parents should see parent preparation as a manner to optimise their accomplishments to run into demands of their kids with ADHD ( Young A ; Amaraskinghe, 2009 ) . Once the kid matures and reaches school-age, peer relationships and emotional jobs may besides be present doing isolation, unpopularity, unhappiness, anxiousness and a lower sense of ego worth. These jobs lead to the kid holding jobs at school, societal scenes and with the household. Harmonizing to Daly, in this age group similar to preschool kids, the intervention should concentrate on the nucleus jobs of attending, impulsivity and hyperactivity control. In respects to this specific age group, parent preparation is besides the best non-pharmacological attack. In these kids the effectivity in handling ADHD has been evaluated in a big figure of surveies that demonstrate a decrease in symptoms including reduced degrees of household hurt. Using parent preparation in school age kids is supported by the NICE Clinical Guidelines which recommends the usage of parent preparation for kids up to thirteen old ages of age. The parent developing signifier of intervention is most effectual dependi ng on how you the kid is. The lone negative factor of parent preparation, is that it is found to be less good for kids whose parents besides demonstrate ADHD symptoms ( Young, 2009 ) . [ What about school-based intervention and therapy and/or reding? ] On a fiscal facet, the NICE Clinical Guidelines indicate the value of parent preparation as cost and resource effectual. Harmonizing to the MTA Cooperative Group, there is no compelling literature to back up that stimulating medicine is capable of bettering the long term effects of ADHD. Research findings have raised the possibility that stimulating medicines may hold a shelf-life which means that these medicines are merely good on a comparatively short term footing. Medication as a standalone intervention is non able to turn to the multiple mental wellness demands and damages associated with ADHD ( Tamimi,2009 ) . [ this subdivision is uncomplete ] Decision With any diagnosing amongst the wellness spectrum from HIV to larning disablements there are stigmas attached to the disease. In this instance, ADHD is no different. There needs to be an accent on parent preparation accomplishment groups to assist develop life long behavior accommodation and schemes instead than jumping sound over to medicine as the speedy hole. While some parents rush to acquire their kid diagnosed as an alibi to explicate their kid s behaviour, the quality of the kid s new life with this diagnosing must be taken into history every bit good. Children deserve more than merely a checklist and medicine. Each kid s symptoms must be to the full evaluated so that he or she can have the best and most appropriate class of intervention for their single demands. An rating should include a household appraisal and both educational and psychological testing. Parents can be supportive of their kids and advocator for their kids s demands to understand that non all the troubles req uires a pill or changing bad parenting. The convergence of both fiscal and social force per unit areas has created an ADHD industry [ explain this industry ] that does non ever function the best involvements of the kid ( Tamimi, 2009 ) . Mooney 2000, provinces if we think about the particular instruction industry, there are the pharmaceutical companies ready to do money off ADHD kid and physicians composing books on ADHD, but the job are that those kids are the 1s that have no voice. Children with ADHD should be engaged in intervention that supports personal command which will take them to better their self-pride instead than have a life-time label and day-to-day medicine. What is the benefit of labeling a kid with ADHD, a diagnosing that they do non needfully to the full understand at a immature age? The diagnosing makes kids experience stupid or messed up by honoring them by giving them their ain particular schoolroom or topographic point outside the schoolroom door on the linol eum floor for all the other pupils to walk and look at them like insects. The job is that we see kids as the job but the existent job lies with the manner we treat them. Daley, D, Jones, K, Hutchings, J, A ; Thompson, M. ( 2008 ) . Attention shortage hyperactivity upset in pre-school kids: current findings. recommended intercessions and future waies. Care, wellness, and development, 35 ( 6 ) , 754-766. DiScala C, Lescohier, Barthel M, et Al. 1998. Injuries to kids with attending shortage hyperactivity upset. Pediatricss 102:1415-1421. Lee, K. ( 2008 ) . Adhd in American early schooling: from a cultural psychological position. Early Child Development and Care, 178 ( 4 ) , Lonigan, G. , Elbert, JC. , A ; Johnson, S.B ( 1998 ) . Empirically supported psychosocial intercessions for kids: An overview. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 138. Mooney, J, A ; Cole, D, ( 2000 ) Learning Outside the Lines New York, NY: Hearth Posey, W, Bassin, A ; Lewis. Preschool attention deficit disorder and medication..more survey needed. Journal Childhood A ; Infant Psychology, 57-77. Rogoff, B ( 2003 ) The Cultural Nature of Human Development. Oxford: Oxford Press Rowland, A, Lessesne, C, A ; Abramowitz, A. ( 2002 ) . The epidemiology of attending deficit/hyperactivity upset: a public wellness position. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 8: 162-170. Sherman, J, Rasmussen, C, A ; Baydala, L. ( 2008 ) . The Impact of instructor factors on accomplishment and behavioural results of kids with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) : a reappraisal of the literature. Educational Research, 50 ( 4 ) , 347-360. Tamimi, S. , A ; Leo, J. ( 2009 ) Rethinking ADHD from Brain to Culture. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan Wolraich, M, Stein, D, Rushton, J, OConner, K ( 2010 ) Pediatricians Attitudes and Practices on ADHD Before and After the Development of ADHD Pediatric Practice Guidelines. Journal of Attention Disorders, 13 ( 6 ) , 563-572. Woodard, R. ( 2006 ) . The Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of ADHD in Children and Adolescents in Primary Care: A Practical Guide. Primary Care Approaches, 32 ( 4 ) , 363-370 Young, S, A ; Amarasinghe, M. ( 2010 ) . Practitioner Review: Non-Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD: a Lifespan Approach. Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51 ( 2 ) ,116-133.

Criminology Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminology Theories - Research Paper Example In this regard, the science of Criminology can be considered that deals with an understanding of the nature of crimes that occur within a society, thereby focusing on determining the cause of the crime and the prime suspects associated with a crime (Siegel 5). In relation to this science, there are certain theories – demonology, classical, positivism, psychological – that can be associated with particular crimes, in this study the cases being the above mentioned ones. Let us in brief understand what these concepts mean in order to relate them to these cases, as discussed later in the study. The concept of demonology in criminology attributes an act of crime to other forces in the world and not the individual performing it (Einstadter and Stuart 31). Thus this would consider outside factors to have influenced an individual towards committing a crime. The classical theory of crime  stresses that humans are individuals who are independent,  and hence a criminal act is committed by them following  sensible and cautious reckoning; the execution of a crime gives more contentment  as compared to pain (â€Å"Classical Theory of Crime Causation†). Positivism theory deals with a systematic application of the scientific method, the investigations based on legal terms, and statistics related to it (â€Å"Positivism†). Here the actor is assumed to be focused on more than the act. Lastly, the psychological theories of crime are of the bel ief that differences in behaviour among individuals are capable of making some people more prone to committing crimes. These differences arise from factors like the personality characteristics, biological factors, or interactions in the society (â€Å"Psychological Theories of Crime†). In the current study these four theories would be studied to understand how they are associated with the cases of mass or serial murders as

Yala Swamp Conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yala Swamp Conflict - Term Paper Example The aim of the project was to prevent degradation of the wetland and improve the lives of local people (Davenport 4). However, despite the project’s endeavor, it raised conflicts between the local communities on one side and county councils and the Dominion, founders of the project, on the other side. This, therefore, led to the emergence of Yala swamp conflict from the year 2003 to present.  It has caused a great attention and concerns that many African countries experience conflicts especially as a result of resource depletion and environmental degradation. As the U.S. United Nations delegate, I have been assigned a Judy to arbitrate an aspect of dispute in the Yala swamp conflict that exist between two sides, the one on the local community and the one on the Dominion and country council. After conducting my research on the disputing issue, I realized that the development project meant to improve the condition of Yala swamp was the main source of conflict (Davenport 11). I have been able to analyze and gain an understanding of the nature of the moral dimensions of conflict in the region. The conflicting parties are actually the stakeholders of the project where one party, the local community, is affected by the development project while the other party of both dominion and country council are the exploiters.  I also understand that conflict has emerged as a result of incompatible goals, which depend on contested natural resources. I realized that the local community feels deprived of the right to use land for farm by the development project hence contesting for the natural resources. Furthermore, this community lives in extreme poverty and therefore desire to acquire more land. Land conflict result to environmental degradation when a community is squeezed into a limited area and cause pressure on it.